/* ============================================================
   Material 3 Design Tokens + Components
   Scoped to body.tab-english and .page-english — zero leakage
   to existing app. The body.tab-english scope ensures
   fixed-position overlays (bottom sheet, snackbar, dialog)
   which are children of <body> also inherit the M3 tokens.
   M3 Purple seed (#6750A3) harmonizes with growth-app's
   lavender (#9C7BB5) while feeling more academic/structured.
   ============================================================ */

.page-english,
body.tab-english .eng-scrim,
body.tab-english .eng-bottom-sheet,
body.tab-english .eng-snackbar,
body.tab-english .eng-dialog-scrim {
  /* ---- M3 Color Tokens (Baseline Light scheme) ---- */
  --md-primary: #6750A3;
  --md-on-primary: #FFFFFF;
  --md-primary-container: #EADDFF;
  --md-on-primary-container: #21005D;

  --md-secondary: #625B71;
  --md-on-secondary: #FFFFFF;
  --md-secondary-container: #E8DEF8;
  --md-on-secondary-container: #1D192B;

  --md-tertiary: #7D5260;
  --md-on-tertiary: #FFFFFF;
  --md-tertiary-container: #FFD8E4;
  --md-on-tertiary-container: #31111D;

  --md-error: #B3261E;
  --md-on-error: #FFFFFF;
  --md-error-container: #F9DEDC;
  --md-on-error-container: #410E0B;

  --md-success: #2E7D32;
  --md-success-container: #E8F5E9;
  --md-on-success-container: #1B5E20;

  /* Surface hierarchy (5 tonal levels) */
  --md-surface: #FEF7FF;
  --md-surface-dim: #DED8E1;
  --md-surface-bright: #FEF7FF;
  --md-surface-container-lowest: #FFFFFF;
  --md-surface-container-low: #F7F2FA;
  --md-surface-container: #F3EDF7;
  --md-surface-container-high: #ECE6F0;
  --md-surface-container-highest: #E6E0E9;

  --md-on-surface: #1D1B20;
  --md-on-surface-variant: #49454F;
  --md-outline: #79747E;
  --md-outline-variant: #CAC4D0;

  --md-inverse-surface: #322F35;
  --md-inverse-on-surface: #F5EFF7;
  --md-inverse-primary: #D0BCFF;

  /* ---- Elevation (5 box-shadow levels) ---- */
  --md-elevation-0: none;
  --md-elevation-1: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.30), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  --md-elevation-2: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.30), 0 2px 6px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  --md-elevation-3: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.30), 0 4px 8px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  --md-elevation-4: 0 2px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.30), 0 6px 10px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  --md-elevation-5: 0 4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.30), 0 8px 12px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

  /* ---- Shape scale ---- */
  --md-shape-xs: 4px;
  --md-shape-sm: 8px;
  --md-shape-md: 12px;
  --md-shape-lg: 16px;
  --md-shape-xl: 28px;
  --md-shape-full: 9999px;

  /* ---- Motion (emphasized easing) ---- */
  --md-easing-emphasized: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);
  --md-easing-standard: cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1);
  --md-duration-short: 200ms;
  --md-duration-medium: 350ms;
  --md-duration-long: 500ms;

  /* ---- Type scale (Material 3) ---- */
  --md-font-display-lg: 57px/64px;
  --md-font-display-md: 45px/52px;
  --md-font-display-sm: 36px/44px;
  --md-font-headline-lg: 32px/40px;
  --md-font-headline-md: 28px/36px;
  --md-font-headline-sm: 24px/32px;
  --md-font-title-lg: 22px/28px;
  --md-font-title-md: 16px/24px;
  --md-font-title-sm: 14px/20px;
  --md-font-body-lg: 16px/24px;
  --md-font-body-md: 14px/20px;
  --md-font-body-sm: 12px/16px;
  --md-font-label-lg: 14px/20px;
  --md-font-label-md: 12px/16px;
  --md-font-label-sm: 11px/16px;
}

/* Background/color applies only to the page surface (not overlays) */
.page-english {
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  background: var(--md-surface);
}

/* ============ Top App Bar (small, 64dp) ============ */
.eng-appbar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  background: var(--md-surface);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  height: 64px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 0 4px 8px 4px;
  margin: -10px -10px 0 -10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
}
.eng-appbar .eng-appbar-title {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  flex: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  padding-left: 8px;
}
.eng-appbar .eng-appbar-sub {
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-md);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}

/* ============ Section Chips Row ============ */
.eng-section-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 0 8px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  scrollbar-width: none;
}
.eng-section-row::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

/* Filter / Assist / Suggestion Chips (M3) */
.eng-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  height: 32px;
  padding: 0 16px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              border-color var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              color var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-chip.eng-chip-selected {
  background: var(--md-secondary-container);
  border-color: transparent;
  color: var(--md-on-secondary-container);
}
.eng-chip:active { transform: scale(0.96); }

/* ============ Buttons (M3) ============ */
.eng-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 40px;
  padding: 0 24px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  border: none;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: inherit;
  transition: box-shadow var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              transform var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-btn:active { transform: scale(0.97); }

.eng-btn-filled {
  background: var(--md-primary);
  color: var(--md-on-primary);
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-0);
}
.eng-btn-filled:active { box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-1); }

.eng-btn-tonal {
  background: var(--md-secondary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-secondary-container);
}

.eng-btn-outlined {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--md-primary);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline);
}

.eng-btn-text {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--md-primary);
  padding: 0 12px;
}

.eng-btn-icon {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 0;
  min-height: 40px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  border: none;
  font-size: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
}
.eng-btn-icon:active { background: var(--md-surface-container-high); }

.eng-btn-filled-tonal-icon {
  width: 40px; height: 40px; padding: 0;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  background: var(--md-secondary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-secondary-container);
  border: none;
  font-size: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* ============ Cards (M3) ============ */
.eng-card {
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  transition: box-shadow var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
}
.eng-card-filled {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-highest);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-card-elevated {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-1);
}
.eng-card-elevated:active { box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-2); }
.eng-card-outlined {
  background: var(--md-surface);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
}

/* ============ Linear Progress (4dp) ============ */
.eng-progress {
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--md-surface-container-highest);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}
.eng-progress > .eng-progress-bar {
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--md-primary);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  transition: width var(--md-duration-medium) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}

/* ============ Circular Progress (36dp) ============ */
.eng-circular {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
}
.eng-circular svg { transform: rotate(-90deg); }
.eng-circular .eng-circular-track {
  stroke: var(--md-surface-container-highest);
}
.eng-circular .eng-circular-bar {
  stroke: var(--md-primary);
  stroke-linecap: round;
  transition: stroke-dashoffset var(--md-duration-long) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}
.eng-circular .eng-circular-label {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}

/* ============ List Items (56dp) ============ */
.eng-list-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  min-height: 56px;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  border: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
  cursor: pointer;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-lg);
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-list-item:active { background: var(--md-surface-container-high); }
.eng-list-item .eng-list-leading {
  font-size: 24px;
  width: 28px;
  text-align: center;
}
.eng-list-item .eng-list-content { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.eng-list-item .eng-list-title { font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--md-font-body-lg); }
.eng-list-item .eng-list-sub { font-size: var(--md-font-body-sm); color: var(--md-on-surface-variant); margin-top: 2px; }
.eng-list-item .eng-list-trailing { color: var(--md-on-surface-variant); font-size: 16px; }

/* ============ FAB (Extended) ============ */
.eng-fab {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  height: 56px;
  padding: 0 20px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-lg);
  background: var(--md-primary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-primary-container);
  border: none;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-3);
  font-family: inherit;
  transition: box-shadow var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              transform var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
}
.eng-fab:active { box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-4); transform: scale(0.98); }

/* ============ Modal Bottom Sheet (28dp top radius) ============ */
.eng-scrim {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  z-index: 80;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity var(--md-duration-medium) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}
.eng-scrim.eng-show {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}
.eng-bottom-sheet {
  position: fixed;
  left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-xl) var(--md-shape-xl) 0 0;
  padding: 16px 16px calc(16px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
  z-index: 90;
  transform: translateY(100%);
  transition: transform var(--md-duration-medium) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
  max-height: 80vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-3);
}
.eng-bottom-sheet.eng-show { transform: translateY(0); }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .eng-bottom-sheet,
  .eng-scrim { max-width: 720px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .eng-bottom-sheet { left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, 100%); }
  .eng-bottom-sheet.eng-show { transform: translate(-50%, 0); }
  .eng-scrim { max-width: 100%; }
}
.eng-bottom-sheet .eng-sheet-grabber {
  width: 32px;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  opacity: 0.4;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  margin: 0 auto 16px;
}
.eng-bottom-sheet h3 {
  font-size: var(--md-font-headline-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}

/* ============ Dialog (28dp radius) ============ */
.eng-dialog-scrim {
  position: fixed; inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  z-index: 100;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 24px;
}
.eng-dialog-scrim.eng-show { display: flex; }
.eng-dialog {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-high);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-xl);
  padding: 24px;
  max-width: 400px;
  width: 100%;
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-3);
}
.eng-dialog h3 {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.eng-dialog p {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.eng-dialog-actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
}

/* ============ Snackbar (inverse-surface bg) ============ */
.eng-snackbar {
  position: fixed;
  left: 16px; right: 16px;
  bottom: calc(80px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
  background: var(--md-inverse-surface);
  color: var(--md-inverse-on-surface);
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-xs);
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-3);
  z-index: 110;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-emphasized),
              transform var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}
.eng-snackbar.eng-show {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .eng-snackbar {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    left: 0; right: 0;
  }
}

/* ============ Sub-page Container ============ */
.eng-page {
  display: none;
}
.eng-page.eng-active {
  display: block;
  animation: engFadeIn var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}
@keyframes engFadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(8px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* ============ Vocab: Flashcard ============ */
.flashcard-wrap {
  perspective: 1400px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 360px;
  margin: 16px 0;
}
.flashcard {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transition: transform 0.55s var(--md-easing-emphasized);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.flashcard.flipped { transform: rotateY(180deg); }
.flash-face {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-xl);
  padding: 24px;
  text-align: center;
}
.flash-face.flash-front {
  background: var(--md-primary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-primary-container);
}
.flash-face.flash-back {
  background: var(--md-tertiary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-tertiary-container);
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.flash-word {
  font-size: var(--md-font-display-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  word-break: break-word;
}
.flash-phonetic {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-md);
  opacity: 0.75;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.flash-hint {
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-md);
  opacity: 0.6;
  margin-top: 24px;
}
.flash-meaning {
  font-size: var(--md-font-headline-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.flash-detail {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  opacity: 0.8;
  white-space: pre-line;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.flash-speak {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12px; right: 12px;
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  background: var(--md-primary);
  color: var(--md-on-primary);
  border: none;
  font-size: 18px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}

/* ============ Vocab: Quiz ============ */
.eng-quiz-progress {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-lg);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-quiz-word {
  font-size: var(--md-font-display-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 32px 16px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-quiz-options {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.eng-quiz-option {
  min-height: 56px;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-lg);
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-lg);
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: inherit;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              border-color var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-quiz-option:active { transform: scale(0.98); }
.eng-quiz-option.eng-correct {
  background: var(--md-success-container);
  color: var(--md-on-success-container);
  border-color: var(--md-success);
}
.eng-quiz-option.eng-wrong {
  background: var(--md-error-container);
  color: var(--md-on-error-container);
  border-color: var(--md-error);
}
.eng-quiz-option:disabled { cursor: default; }

/* ============ Vocab: List ============ */
.eng-vocab-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.eng-vocab-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-height: 56px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  background: var(--md-surface-container-lowest);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-vocab-row:active { background: var(--md-surface-container-high); }
.eng-vocab-row .word { font-weight: 500; color: var(--md-on-surface); font-size: 15px; }
.eng-vocab-row .meaning {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-sm);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  flex: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.eng-status-dot {
  width: 10px; height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.eng-status-dot.new      { background: var(--md-outline); }
.eng-status-dot.review   { background: #FFB74D; }
.eng-status-dot.mastered { background: var(--md-success); }
.eng-error-badge {
  background: var(--md-error-container);
  color: var(--md-on-error-container);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.eng-mini-btn {
  width: 32px; height: 32px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.eng-mini-btn.speak { background: var(--md-primary); color: var(--md-on-primary); }
.eng-mini-btn.master { background: var(--md-success); color: var(--md-on-primary); }

/* ============ Grammar Tree ============ */
.eng-grammar-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
}
@media (min-width: 700px) {
  .eng-grammar-layout { grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr; }
  .eng-grammar-tree { max-height: calc(100vh - 200px); overflow-y: auto; }
}
.eng-grammar-cat {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.eng-grammar-cat-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  background: var(--md-surface-container);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-md);
}
.eng-grammar-cat-header:active { background: var(--md-surface-container-high); }
.eng-grammar-cat-header .cat-icon { font-size: 20px; }
.eng-grammar-cat-header .cat-count {
  margin-left: auto;
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-grammar-cat-header .cat-arrow {
  transition: transform var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-grammar-cat-header.eng-open .cat-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.eng-grammar-cat-items {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height var(--md-duration-medium) var(--md-easing-emphasized);
}
.eng-grammar-cat-header.eng-open + .eng-grammar-cat-items { max-height: 1000px; }

.eng-grammar-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 12px 16px 12px 40px;
  background: var(--md-surface);
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
}
.eng-grammar-item:active { background: var(--md-surface-container-low); }
.eng-grammar-item.eng-active {
  background: var(--md-second-container, var(--md-secondary-container));
  border-left-color: var(--md-primary);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.eng-level-tag {
  margin-left: auto;
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.eng-level-tag.level-beginner     { background: var(--md-success-container); color: var(--md-on-success-container); }
.eng-level-tag.level-intermediate { background: #FFF3E0; color: #E65100; }
.eng-level-tag.level-advanced     { background: var(--md-error-container); color: var(--md-on-error-container); }

.eng-grammar-welcome {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 60px 24px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-grammar-welcome .icon { font-size: 56px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.eng-grammar-topic-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-headline-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.eng-grammar-topic-sub {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.eng-grammar-block {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.eng-grammar-block h4 {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-md);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-grammar-block ul { padding-left: 20px; }
.eng-grammar-block li {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-grammar-ex {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  background: var(--md-surface-container);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-sm);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.eng-grammar-ex b { color: var(--md-primary); font-weight: 600; }
.eng-grammar-tip {
  background: var(--md-tertiary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-tertiary-container);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 12px 14px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ============ Phonetics ============ */
.eng-phonetics-quicknav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 6px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 8px 0 12px;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
.eng-phonetics-quicknav::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.eng-phonetics-quicknav button {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  height: 32px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  background: var(--md-surface-container);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-md);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: inherit;
  transition: background var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
}
.eng-phonetics-quicknav button.eng-active {
  background: var(--md-secondary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-secondary-container);
  border-color: transparent;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.eng-pho-group {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.eng-pho-group-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-md);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-pho-badge {
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-full);
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.eng-pho-badge.vowel     { background: var(--md-primary-container); color: var(--md-on-primary-container); }
.eng-pho-badge.consonant { background: var(--md-tertiary-container); color: var(--md-on-tertiary-container); }
.eng-pho-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(100px, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
}
.eng-pho-card {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  border: 1px solid var(--md-outline-variant);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 12px 8px;
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard),
              box-shadow var(--md-duration-short) var(--md-easing-standard);
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.eng-pho-card:active { transform: scale(0.96); box-shadow: var(--md-elevation-1); }
.eng-pho-card.eng-playing {
  background: var(--md-primary-container);
  color: var(--md-on-primary-container);
  transform: scale(0.96);
}
.eng-pho-symbol {
  font-family: "Doulos SIL", "Charis SIL", "Lucida Sans Unicode", monospace;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-pho-word {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-sm);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.eng-pho-note {
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  color: var(--md-primary);
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.eng-pho-tip-card {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 14px 16px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.eng-pho-tip-card .tip-title {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-md);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
}
.eng-pho-tip-card .tip-content {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-pho-tip-card .tip-content b {
  color: var(--md-primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ============ Stats Card ============ */
.eng-stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.eng-stat-card {
  background: var(--md-surface-container-low);
  border-radius: var(--md-shape-md);
  padding: 12px 8px;
  text-align: center;
}
.eng-stat-card .num {
  font-size: var(--md-font-headline-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--md-primary);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.eng-stat-card .lbl {
  font-size: var(--md-font-label-sm);
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
  margin-top: 2px;
}

/* ============ Empty State ============ */
.eng-empty {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 60px 24px;
  color: var(--md-on-surface-variant);
}
.eng-empty .icon { font-size: 64px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.eng-empty .title {
  font-size: var(--md-font-title-lg);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--md-on-surface);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.eng-empty .desc {
  font-size: var(--md-font-body-md);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

/* Hide inner scrollbars on touch areas */
.eng-scroll-y { overflow-y: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }

/* Larger touch targets on small screens */
@media (max-width: 380px) {
  .eng-chip { padding: 0 12px; }
  .eng-btn { padding: 0 16px; }
}
